yiisoft / data
Data providers, pagination and related abstractions
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Requires
- php: ^8.0
- yiisoft/arrays: ^3.0
Requires (Dev)
- maglnet/composer-require-checker: ^4.2
- phpunit/phpunit: ^9.5
- rector/rector: ^0.15.0
- roave/infection-static-analysis-plugin: ^1.25
- spatie/phpunit-watcher: ^1.23
- vimeo/psalm: ^4.26|^5.4
This package is auto-updated.
Last update: 2024-10-21 08:12:16 UTC
README
Yii Data
The package provides generic data abstractions. The aim is to hide a storage aspect from the operations of reading, writing and processing data.
Features are:
- Data reader abstraction with counting, sorting, limiting and offsetting, reading criteria filter and post-filter.
- Pagination abstraction along with offset and keyset implementations.
- Data writer abstraction.
- Data processor abstraction.
Requirements
- PHP 8.1 or higher.
Installation
The package could be installed with Composer:
composer require yiisoft/data
General usage
Concepts
- Each data set consists of items.
- Each item has multiple named fields.
- All items in a data set have the same structure.
Reading data
Data reader aim is to read data from a storage such as database, array or API and convert it to a simple iterator of field => value items.
$reader = new MyDataReader(...); $result = $reader->read();
Result is iterable
so you can use foreach
on it. If you need an array, it could be achieved the following way:
// using is foreach foreach ($result as $item) { // ... } // preparing array $dataArray = $result instanceof \Traversable ? iterator_to_array($result, true) : (array)$result;
Limiting the number of items to read
You can limit the number of items in an iterator:
$reader = (new MyDataReader(...))->withLimit(10); foreach ($reader->read() as $item) { // ... }
Counting the total number of items
To know total number of items in a data reader implementing CountableDataInterface
:
$reader = new MyDataReader(...); $total = count($reader);
Filtering
Filtering of data could be done in two steps:
- Forming a criteria for getting the data. That is done by "filter."
- Post-filtering data by iteration and checking each item.
That is done by
IterableDataReader
with filters.
Whenever possible, it is best to stick to using criteria because usually it gives much better performance.
To filter data in a data reader implementing FilterableDataInterface
you need to supply filter to
withFilter()
method:
$filter = new All( new GreaterThan('id', 3), new Like('name', 'agent') ); $reader = (new MyDataReader(...)) ->withFilter($filter); $data = $reader->read();
Filter could be composed with:
All
Any
Between
Equals
EqualsNull
GreaterThan
GreaterThanOrEqual
ILike
In
LessThan
LessThanOrEqual
Like
Not
Filtering with arrays
The All
and Any
filters have a withCriteriaArray()
method, which allows you to define filters with arrays.
$dataReader->withFilter((new All())->withCriteriaArray([ ['=', 'id', 88], [ 'or', [ ['=', 'color', 'red'], ['=', 'state', 1], ] ] ]));
Implementing your own filter
To have your own filter:
- Implement at least
FilterInterface
, which includes:getOperator()
method that returns a string that represents a filter operation.toArray()
method that returns an array with filtering parameters.
- If you want to create a filter handler for a specific data reader type, then you need to implement at least
FilterHandlerInterface
. It has a singlegetOperator()
method that returns a string representing a filter operation. Also, each data reader specifies an extended interface required for handling or building the operation. For example,IterableDataFilter
definesIterableFilterHandlerInterface
, which contains additionalmatch()
method to execute a filter on PHP variables.
You can add your own filter handlers to the data reader using the withFilterHandlers()
method. You can add any filter
handler to the reader. If a reader is not able to use a filter, filter is ignored.
// own filter for filtering class OwnNotTwoFilter implenents FilterInterface { private $field; public function __construct($field) { $this->field = $field; } public static function getOperator(): string { return 'my!2'; } public function toArray(): array { return [static::getOperator(), $this->field]; } } // own iterable filter handler for matching class OwnIterableNotTwoFilterHandler implements IterableFilterHandlerInterface { public function getOperator(): string { return OwnNotTwoFilter::getOperator(); } public function match(array $item, array $arguments, array $filterHandlers): bool { [$field] = $arguments; return $item[$field] != 2; } } // and using it on a data reader $filter = new All( new LessThan('id', 8), new OwnNotTwoFilter('id'), ); $reader = (new MyDataReader(...)) ->withFilter($filter) ->withFilterHandlers( new OwnIterableNotTwoFilter() new OwnSqlNotTwoFilter() // for SQL // and for any supported readers... ); $data = $reader->read();
Sorting
To sort data in a data reader implementing SortableDataInterface
you need to supply a sort object to
withSort()
method:
$sorting = Sort::only([ 'id', 'name' ]); $sorting = $sorting->withOrder(['name' => 'asc']); // or $sorting = $sorting->withOrderString('name'); $reader = (new MyDataReader(...)) ->withSort($sorting); $data = $reader->read();
The goal of the Sort
is to map logical fields sorting to real data set fields sorting and form a criteria for the data
reader. Logical fields are the ones user operates with. Real fields are the ones actually present in a data set.
Such a mapping helps when you need to sort by a single logical field that, in fact, consists of multiple fields
in the underlying data set. For example, you provide a user with a username which consists of first name and last name
fields in the actual data set.
To get a Sort
instance, you can use either Sort::only()
or Sort::any()
. Sort::only()
ignores user-specified order
for logical fields that have no configuration. Sort::any()
uses user-specified logical field name and order directly
for fields that have no configuration.
Either way, you pass a config array that specifies which logical fields should be order-able and, optionally, details on how these should map to real fields order.
The current order to apply is specified via withOrder()
where you supply an array with keys corresponding to logical
field names and values correspond to order (asc
or desc
). Alternatively withOrderString()
can be used. In this case,
ordering is represented as a single string containing comma separate logical field names. If the name is prefixed by -
,
ordering direction is set to desc
.
Skipping some items
In case you need to skip some items from the beginning of data reader implementing OffsetableDataInterface
:
$reader = (new MyDataReader(...))->withOffset(10);
Implementing your own data reader
To have your own data reader, you need to implement at least DataReaderInteface
. It has a single read()
method that returns iterable representing a set of items.
Additional interfaces could be implemented to support different pagination types, ordering and filtering:
CountableDataInterface
- allows getting total number of items in data reader.FilterableDataInterface
- allows returning subset of items based on criteria.LimitableDataInterface
- allows returning limited subset of items.SortableDataInterface
- allows sorting by one or multiple fields.OffsetableDataInterface
- allows skipping first N items when reading data.
Note that when implementing these, methods, instead of modifying data, should only define criteria that is later used
in read()
to affect what data is returned.
Pagination
Pagination allows getting a limited subset of data that is both handy for displaying items page by page and for getting acceptable performance on big data sets.
There are two types of pagination provided: traditional offset pagination and keyset pagination.
Offset pagination
Offset pagination is a common pagination method that selects OFFSET + LIMIT items and then skips OFFSET items.
Advantages:
- The total number of pages is available
- Can get to specific page
- Data can be unordered
- The limit set in the data reader is taken into account
Disadvantages:
- Performance degrades with page number increase
- Insertions or deletions in the middle of the data are making results inconsistent
Usage is the following:
$reader = (new MyDataReader(...)); $paginator = (new OffsetPaginator($dataReader)) ->withPageSize(10) ->withCurrentPage(2); $total = $paginator->getTotalPages(); $data = $paginator->read();
Keyset pagination
Keyset pagination is an alternative pagination method that is good for infinite scrolling and "load more." It is selecting LIMIT items that have key field greater or lesser (depending on the sorting) than the value specified.
Advantages:
- Performance doesn't depend on page number
- Consistent results regardless of insertions and deletions
Disadvantages:
- The total number of pages is not available
- Can't get to specific page, only "previous" and "next"
- Data cannot be unordered
- The limit set in the data reader leads to an exception
Usage is the following:
$sort = Sort::only(['id', 'name'])->withOrderString('id'); $dataReader = (new MyDataReader(...)) ->withSort($sort); $paginator = (new KeysetPaginator($dataReader)) ->withPageSize(10) ->withToken(PageToken::next('13'));
When displaying first page ID (or another field name to paginate by) of the item displayed last is used with withNextPageToken()
to get next page.
Writing data
$writer = new MyDataWriter(...); $writer->write($arrayOfItems);
Processing data
$processor = new MyDataProcessor(...); $processor->process($arrayOfItems);
Documentation
- Guide: Português - Brasil
- Internals
If you need help or have a question, the Yii Forum is a good place for that. You may also check out other Yii Community Resources.
License
The Yii Data is free software. It is released under the terms of the BSD License.
Please see LICENSE
for more information.
Maintained by Yii Software.