oihana/php-schema

The Oihana PHP Schema library

1.0.0 2025-08-13 09:47 UTC

This package is auto-updated.

Last update: 2025-08-25 11:53:48 UTC


README

Oihana PHP Schema

Oihana Schema is a PHP library that provides an object-oriented implementation of the Schema.org vocabulary. It is designed to encapsulate structured data using strongly typed value objects, with automatic serialization and hydration features.

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This library is ideal for representing database records or REST API resources in a structured, semantically rich way, compatible with JSON-LD and linked data ecosystems.

✨ Key Features

  • βœ”οΈ Full modeling of Schema.org entities
  • 🧩 Automatic JSON-LD serialization (JsonSerializable)
  • πŸͺ„ Recursive object hydration (including nested types and union types)
  • 🧠 Internal reflection system (oihana\reflections)
  • 🎯 Safe property access via constants (e.g. Schema::NAME)
  • πŸ“š Extensible architecture for custom ontologies
  • πŸ” Support for ArangoDB metadata (_id, _key, _rev, _from, _to)

πŸ“¦ Installation

Requires PHP 8.4+

Install via Composer:

composer require oihana/php-schema

πŸš€ Quick Example

Simple usage

use org\schema\Person;
use org\schema\PostalAddress;
use org\schema\constants\Schema;

$person = new Person
([
    Schema::ID      => '2555',
    Schema::NAME    => 'John Doe',
    Schema::ADDRESS => new PostalAddress
    ([
        Schema::STREET_ADDRESS => '2 chemin des Vergers',
        Schema::POSTAL_CODE    => '49170'
    ])
]);

echo json_encode( $person , JSON_PRETTY_PRINT ) ;

JSON-LD output

{
  "@type": "Person",
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "id": "2555",
  "name": "John Doe",
  "address": {
    "@type": "PostalAddress",
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "streetAddress": "2 chemin des Vergers",
    "postalCode": "49170"
  }
}

🧠 Internal Architecture

Base class: Thing

All entities extend the base class org\schema\Thing, which includes common Schema.org and metadata properties, as well as serialization logic:

The ThingTrait handles:

  • Dynamic constructor from arrays or objects
  • JSON-LD serialization via jsonSerialize()
  • Reflection-based helpers from ReflectionTrait

Recursive Hydration

The internal Reflection::hydrate() method builds full object graphs from associative arrays, including nested value objects and union types:

$person = $reflection->hydrate
([
    'name'    => 'Alice',
    'address' => [ 'streetAddress' => '123 Lilac Street' ]
], Person::class ) ;

πŸ” Safe Property Access

The org\schema\constants\Schema class contains constant names for every property in the Schema.org ontology and its extensions:

use org\schema\constants\Schema;
use org\schema\Event;

$event = new Event
([
    Schema::NAME     => 'Oihana Conf 2025',
    Schema::LOCATION => new Place([ Schema::NAME => 'Nantes' ])
]);

Properties are grouped by logical trait namespaces (e.g. Thing, Person, Event, etc.) for auto-completion and modularity:

trait Thing 
{
    const string NAME = 'name';
    const string URL  = 'url';
    const string ID   = 'id';
    // ...
}

πŸ“š Documentation

Full project documentation is available at:
πŸ‘‰ https://bcommebois.github.io/oihana-php-schema

A complete developer guide will be available soon, including:

  • UML diagrams
  • Object maps and relationships
  • Auto-generated property references

In the meantime, explore the following namespaces:

  • org\schema\ for value objects
  • org\schema\traits for logic traits
  • org\schema\constants for property constants

πŸ‡«πŸ‡· fr\ooop Namespace (Ooop extensions)

In addition to the Schema.org core under org\\schema, this library provides an extension namespace for Ooop-specific needs used in the French ecosystem: fr\\ooop\\schema.

What you will find there:

  • Value objects for domain-specific concepts (e.g., fr\\ooop\\schema\\Pagination).
  • A constants container fr\\ooop\\schema\\constants\\Ooop exposing safe property names via traits (e.g., Pagination constants).

Example: model pagination parameters with JSON-LD support

use fr\ooop\schema\Pagination;
use fr\ooop\schema\constants\Ooop;

$pagination = new Pagination
([
    Ooop::LIMIT => 50,
    Ooop::PAGE  => 2,
]);

// JSON-LD with a dedicated context for Ooop extensions
echo json_encode($pagination, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
// {"@type":"Pagination","@context":"https://schema.ooop.fr","limit":50,"page":2}

Key points:

  • Pagination extends org\schema\Intangible and integrates seamlessly with the rest of the model.
  • Pagination::CONTEXT defaults to https://schema.ooop.fr to distinguish Ooop extensions.
  • Use fr\ooop\schema\constants\Ooop to reference property names safely: Ooop::LIMIT, Ooop::OFFSET, Ooop::MAX_LIMIT, Ooop::MIN_LIMIT, Ooop::NUMBER_OF_PAGES, Ooop::PAGE.

βœ… Running Unit Tests

To run all tests:

composer test

To run a specific test file:

composer test ./tests/org/schema/ThingTest.php
composer test ./tests/fr/ooop/schema/PaginationTest.php

🧾 License

This project is licensed under the Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL-2.0).

πŸ‘€ About the author

πŸ› οΈ Generate the Documentation

We use phpDocumentor to generate the documentation into the ./docs folder.

Usage

Run the command :

composer doc

🧩 Advanced Usage

Union-typed properties

Some properties accept multiple types. For instance, publisher may be a string, a Person, or an Organization.

use org\schema\CreativeWork;
use org\schema\Person;
use org\schema\Organization;
use org\schema\constants\Schema;

$post = new CreativeWork
([
    Schema::NAME      => 'Release Notes',
    Schema::PUBLISHER => new Organization([ Schema::NAME => 'Oihana' ])
]);

Arrays and nested entities

You can compose objects with arrays of other entities, leveraging the public-typed properties.

use org\schema\Thing;
use org\schema\constants\Schema;

$parent = new Thing
([
    Schema::NAME   => 'Bundle',
    Schema::HAS_PART => 
    [
        new Thing([ Schema::NAME => 'Part A' ]),
        new Thing([ Schema::NAME => 'Part B' ]),
    ],
]);

JSON-LD metadata for ArangoDB

Base Thing supports ArangoDB-style metadata fields to facilitate graph storage: _key, _id, _rev, _from, _to.

use org\schema\Thing;

$edge = new Thing
([
    '_from' => 'users/2555',
    '_to'   => 'groups/42',
]);

Deep/recursive hydration

The constructor copies provided values into public properties. For deep graphs and automatic casting, you can rely on the internal reflection utilities exposed by oihana/php-reflect (see developer docs). A typical approach is to call a reflection-based hydrate() to materialize nested arrays into value objects.

🧱 Extending the Library

Define your own types by extending org\schema\Thing or a more specific class, and add your public-typed properties. You can also define constants alongside org\schema\constants\Schema for safer access.

namespace app\domain;

use org\schema\Thing;

class CustomAsset extends Thing
{
    public ?string $slug;
    public ?string $category;
}

βš™οΈ Installation Notes

  • This package requires PHP 8.4+.
  • It depends on oihana/php-core and oihana/php-reflect. If your project enforces stable versions only, you may need to allow dev versions while these libraries are pre-release:
    • In your root composer.json: set "minimum-stability": "dev" and "prefer-stable": true if needed.

🀝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please:

  • Open an issue to discuss significant changes before submitting a PR.
  • Add tests when fixing a bug or adding a feature.
  • Keep code style consistent and types explicit.

Local setup:

composer install
composer test
composer doc

πŸ”’ Security

If you discover a security vulnerability, please email marc@ooop.fr. Do not open a public issue for security reports.

πŸ“œ Changelog

See CHANGELOG.md for notable changes.

πŸ”— Related Packages

❓ FAQ

  • Why JSON-LD?
    It’s a web-native, schema-friendly format that plays well with linked data and search engines.
  • Can I output plain arrays?
    Yes, jsonSerialize() returns arrays that you can pass to any JSON encoder.
  • How to ignore nulls?
    Serialization automatically removes null values.